pd4dThe Pd4d bands extend from 1 to 8 eV in binding energy and the Au 5d bands from 1 to 10 eV below the Fermi level. When the ratio AuPd is 3 to 1 up to 1.5 to 1, the band isIsolating Pd atoms has been shown to be crucial for the desn of a Pd-based electrocatalyst toward 2e– oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, there are limited